Solution 1 :
À partir de la page de manuel apt-get,
-s, --simulate, --just-print, --dry-run, --recon, --no-act No action; perform a simulation of events that would occur but do not actually change the system. Configuration Item: APT::Get::Simulate. Simulation run as user will deactivate locking (Debug::NoLocking) automatic. Also a notice will be displayed indicating that this is only a simulation, if the option APT::Get::Show-User-Simulation-Note is set (Default: true). Neither NoLocking nor the notice will be triggered if run as root (root should know what he is doing without further warnings by apt-get). Simulate prints out a series of lines each one representing a dpkg operation, Configure (Conf), Remove (Remv), Unpack (Inst). Square brackets indicate broken packages and empty set of square brackets meaning breaks that are of no consequence (rare).
Assurez-vous donc d'avoir apt-get -s upgrade .
Si vous souhaitez mettre à niveau certains packages, il vous suffit de apt-get install <package name> et il le mettra à jour s'il est déjà installé. Cependant, il devra également mettre à jour toutes les dépendances, et selon ce qu'elles sont, cela peut entraîner de nombreuses mises à jour.
Si je suis en retard sur les mises à jour de paquets, je ferai un apt-get install sur certains des plus gros (peut-être php, apache2, etc.) afin que je puisse les contenir et vérifier tous les problèmes, puis apt-get upgrade une fois que j'ai terminé.
Solution 2 :
J'utilise apt list --upgradable .
L'alternative suivante est apt-get --simulate upgrade . (basé sur @EightBitTony)
Voici les résultats de différentes options (j'espère que cela aidera quelqu'un) :
[email protected]:~$ apt list --upgradable
Listing... Done
kubernetes-cni/kubernetes-xenial 0.7.5-00 amd64 [upgradable from: 0.6.0-00]
N: There are 3 additional versions. Please use the '-a' switch to see them.
[email protected]:~$ apt-get --simulate upgrade
NOTE: This is only a simulation!
apt-get needs root privileges for real execution.
Keep also in mind that locking is deactivated,
so don't depend on the relevance to the real current situation!
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
The following packages will be upgraded:
kubernetes-cni
1 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Inst kubernetes-cni [0.6.0-00] (0.7.5-00 kubernetes-xenial:kubernetes-xenial [amd64])
Conf kubernetes-cni (0.7.5-00 kubernetes-xenial:kubernetes-xenial [amd64])
[email protected]:~$ apt-get -u upgrade --assume-no
E: Could not open lock file /var/lib/dpkg/lock-frontend - open (13: Permission denied)
E: Unable to acquire the dpkg frontend lock (/var/lib/dpkg/lock-frontend), are you root?
[email protected]:~$ sudo apt-get -u upgrade --assume-no
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
The following packages will be upgraded:
kubernetes-cni
1 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 6,473 kB of archives.
After this operation, 4,278 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] N
Abort.
[email protected]:~$ sudo apt-get -u -V upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
The following packages will be upgraded:
kubernetes-cni (0.6.0-00 => 0.7.5-00)
1 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 6,473 kB of archives.
After this operation, 4,278 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] n
Abort.
Solution 3 :
Pour répertorier les packages à mettre à niveau avec leurs versions :
$ sudo apt-get -u -V upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following packages have been kept back:
mysql-client-5.5 (5.5.29-0ubuntu0.12.04.2 => 5.5.32-0ubuntu0.12.04.1)
mysql-server-5.5 (5.5.29-0ubuntu0.12.04.2 => 5.5.32-0ubuntu0.12.04.1)
mysql-server-core-5.5 (5.5.29-0ubuntu0.12.04.2 => 5.5.32-0ubuntu0.12.04.1)
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 3 not upgraded.
Ensuite, vous pouvez choisir ce que vous souhaitez mettre à niveau :
$ sudo apt-get --only-upgrade install mysql-client-5.5
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following package was automatically installed and is no longer required:
firefox-globalmenu
Use 'apt-get autoremove' to remove them.
The following extra packages will be installed:
libterm-readkey-perl
The following NEW packages will be installed:
libterm-readkey-perl
The following packages will be upgraded:
mysql-client-5.5
1 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 2 not upgraded.
Need to get 8,123 kB of archives.
After this operation, 139 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue [Y/n]? Y
Get:1 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise/main libterm-readkey-perl i386 2.30-4build3 [28.4 kB]
Get:2 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates/main mysql-client-5.5 i386 5.5.32-0ubuntu0.12.04.1 [8,094 kB]
...
Si d'anciennes dépendances sont supprimées, vous pouvez alors exécuter apt-get autoremove , et comme vous pouvez le voir, toutes les nouvelles dépendances seront invitées à être installées. Le --only-upgrade flag n'est pas nécessaire, mais bien si vous voulez vous assurer que vous n'installez pas accidentellement un nouveau paquet au lieu de mettre à jour un paquet existant, c'est-à-dire que vous avez un de ces moments et tapez accidentellement le mauvais paquet :
$ sudo apt-get --only-upgrade install mysql-proxy
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Skipping mysql-proxy, it is not installed and only upgrades are requested.
The following package was automatically installed and is no longer required:
firefox-globalmenu
Use 'apt-get autoremove' to remove them.
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 2 not upgraded.